One Way Analysis of Variance Essay Example for Free

One Way Analysis of Variance Essay One-way Analysis of Variance (Abbreviated one-way ANOVA) is a technique used to compare means of two or more samples (using the F distribution). This technique can be used only for numerical data. It consists of a single factor with several levels and multiple observations at each level. With this kind of layout we can calculate the mean of the observations within each level of our factor. The residuals will tell about the variation within each level. It can also average the means of each level to obtain a grand mean. And then look at the deviation of the mean of each level from the grand mean to understand something about the level effects. Finally, can compare the variation within levels to the variation across levels. Hence the name analysis of variance. Used to determine whether there are any significant differences between the means of three or more independent (unrelated) groups. It tests the null hypothesis that samples in two or more groups are drawn from populations with the same mean values. And compares the means between the groups you are interested in and determines whether any of those means are significantly different from each other. Formula F= q MSBMSWWhere: F = Fisher’s Ratio K = Number of Columns N = Total Number of items MSB= SSBK-1 MSW= SSWN-K Attitudes of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th year EHS students towards their computer subject Attitude| Year| Average Weighted Mean| Rank| | 1st| 2nd| 3rd| 4th| | | Study regularly| 3.44| 3.37| 3.50| 3.56| 3.47| 9| Regularly exercise the skills| 3.73| 3.88| 3.65| 3.58| 3.71| 6.5| Listen attentively during class discussion| 3.62| 3.71| 3.67| 3.85| 3.71| 6.5| Always do the assignment without hesitation| 3.63| 3.73| 3.83| 3.75| 3.75| 5| Always work on projects without hesitation| 3.94| 4.10| 4.12| 4.00| 4.04| 2| Enjoy the hands-on activity| 4.13| 4.38| 4.06| 4.25| 4.21| 1| Search and use other computer reference| 3.83| 3.83| 3.54| 3.92| 3.78| 4| Always take down notes during discussion| 3.67| 3.67| 3.77| 4.04| 3.79| 3| Ask questions whenever the topic is unclear| 3.37| 3.38| 3.54| 3.63| 3.48| 8| Likeability of the subject| 2.98| 3.62| 3.12| 3.25| 3.24| 10| | | | | | | Grand Means| 3.63| 3.77| 3.68| 3.79| 3.72| The table shows the summary of the attitudes of the EHS students towards their computer subject. Having computed the Average Weighted Means, Rank 1 is indicator f, which is â€Å"I enjoy our hands-on activities† with an average mean of 4.21. The Last rank goes to indicator j, which is â€Å"I like my computer subject†, with an average mean of 3.24. This indicates that the EHS students do not like their computer subject. Though the third year likes their computer subject, they are only a fraction of the whole which do not like their computer subject. This further indicates that the students manifest positive attitude towards their computer subject because of the grand weighted mean of 3.72. This signifies that even though they do not like their computer subject, they still manifest positive attitude for they have the majority of the indicators. Reference Anonymous.August 23,2013.One-way analysis of variance. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-way_analysis_of_variance Anonymous.August 23,2013.One-way ANOVA. https://statistics.laerd.com/statistical-guides/one-way-anova-statistical-guide.php Anonymous.August 23,2013.One-Way ANOVA. http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/ppc/section2/ppc231.htm

Passage Analysis- A Farewell to Arms :: essays research papers

One measure of a powerful writer lies in her ability to write literature in which any passage can be set apart from its context and still express the qualities of the whole. When this occurs, the integrated profundity of the entire work is a sign of true artistry. Ernest Hemingway, an author of the Lost Generation, was one such writer who mastered the art of investing simple sentence structure with layers of complex meaning. Hemingway, who was a journalist in the earlier years of his writing career, was known for writing in a declarative or terse style of prose. The depth of emotion and meaning that he conveyed through such minimalistic text is astounding. He also experimented with a stream-of-consciousness technique developed by writers such as James Joyce and William Faulkner to an interior dimension to his prose. In A Farewell to Arms, the story of wartime romance between an American soldier in the Italian Army, Frederic, and Catherine, the British nurse who cares for him, there are a multitude of passages which could easily stand alone as poetry because of their symbolic meaning. However, when these exceptional passages are woven into the fabric of the novel as a whole, the reader is able to reach an even greater level of understanding. One extraordinary passage is found near the end of the novel during which Frederic Henry agonizes over the danger his lover’s in while she struggles with the birth of their baby. By juxtaposing the imminent birth of Frederic’s child with the possible death of his beloved, Hemingway explores a deep ambivalence about the meaning of life and loss. Throughout this passage, structure plays an important role in illuminating Frederic’s emotional metamorphosis from concern to desperation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The passage opens with Frederic watching â€Å"poor, poor dear Cat† (line 1) in her apparent state of helplessness as she struggles through giving birth. Through strong word choice, Hemingway continues to display Frederic’s obvious contemptuous feelings about the biological consequences of love. He views Catherine’s pain and suffering as the â€Å"price you [pay]† (line 1) for loving someone. Ironically, a birth is usually shown in a positive light as the pain one suffers to birth a child pales in comparison to the tremendous joy of receiving a newborn baby. Despite conventions, Frederic feels as if he has been trapped by some malignant force of life and is anything but happy about the impending birth.

The Variable

Trustworthy direct relapse, we anticipate scores on one variable from the rankings on a second variable. The variable we're looking ahead to is known as the rule of thumb variable and is alluded to as y. The variable we're constructing our assume with respect to is referred to as the indicator variable and is alluded to as x. At the factor while there is only a unmarried indicator variable, the discern method is referred to as fundamental relapse. In trustworthy direct relapse, the challenge of this vicinity, the expectations of y while plotted as a element of x frame a straight line.( hand, d.j. (1994weisberg illuminates that the trustworthy direct relapse display is spoken to this manner: Y = ?0 +?1 + ?, by means of numerical tradition, the 2 variable that are engaged with a fundamental direct relapse investigation are assign x and y. The condition that portrays how y is diagnosed with x is known as the relapse display. The direct relapse show moreover carries a mistake term this is spoken to by ?, or the greek letter epsilon. The blunder term is applied to symbolize the fluctuation in y that can't be clarified via the instantly connection amongst x and y .(sanford weisberbeg (2005) however weisberbeg moreover indicates that †there likewise parameters that talk to the population being computed. These parameters of the model which are spoken to through (?Zero+?1x). The trustworthy direct relapse circumstance is spoken to this manner: ?(y) = (?Zero +?1 x). The truthful direct relapse condition is charted as a instantly line. (?0 is the y catch of the relapse line. ?1 is the slant. E(y)is the mean or expected estimation of y for a given estimation of x.† (sanford weisberbeg (2005)scholotzhauer notices â€Å"That a relapse line can display a nice direct relationship, a terrible directly courting, or no relationship. On the off threat that the charted line in a primary directly relapse is degree (not willing), there may be no connection among the 2 factors. In the occasion that the relapse line inclines upward with the lower cease of the line on the y capture (pivot) of the chart, and the higher give up of line expanding upward into the diagram field, a ways from the x block (hub) a high-quality instantly dating exists. In the event that the relapse line slants descending with the top cease of the road on the y block (hub) of the chart, and the decrease end of line broadening descending into the diagram area, across the x capture (pivot) a bad direct dating exists †.(sandra d schlotzhaur 2009) employments of simple directly relapse but moore and mccabe said that basic directly relapse a solitary self sustaining variable is applied to compute the estimation of a needy variable. Once we've ?Tted a version, we can put it to use to make expectancies – e.g. To anticipate the gas usage same to an out of doors temperature of 6deg c, or the drop in fuel utilization equal to a 5deg c increment in temperature. Degree of progress in a needy variable that outcomes from changes inside the free factors may be applied to gauge elasticises, degrees of profitability in human capital.( moore, d.s. What's extra, mccabe, g.p. 2004).try and determine motives for wonders.prediction and determining of gives, financial development.guide or nullify speculative model.alter and enhance speculative models and clarifications of wonders.Significance's of simple linear regression show as per mendenhall and sincich basic direct relapse is large since it has been connected in severa natural, behavioral, ecological and sociologies. With its ability to make clear doable connections between recognized elements, it has helped the fields of the examine of disorder transmission, fund, mo netary factors and pattern line in analyzing noteworthy data that ends up being of quintessence inside the distinguished fields. All the more as a consequence, honest direct relapse is noteworthy due to the fact that it offers a concept of what requirements to unsurprising, in particular in controlling and coping with capacities required on some orders. (mendenhall, w., and sincich, t. 1992).the regression modelmr mcintyre clarified that simple linear regression presents a way to version a instantly line courting between variables. In conventional (or asymmetric) regression one variable y is called the reaction or structured variable, and the opposite x is known as the explanatory or independent variable. That is a difference to correlation wherein there is no distinction among y and x in phrases of that is an explanatory variable and which a reaction variable. The regression model is given by: Y = ?+ ? X + ? In which ? Is the y intercept (the cost of y wherein x = 0), ? Is the slope of the road, and ? Is a random errors term. It is able to also receive as: Y = ?Zero + ?1x + ? Wherein ?Zero is the y intercept, ?1 is the slope of the road, and ? Is a random errors term. (mcintyre, l. 1994). However mcintyre â€Å"The traditional regression version, values of x-variable are assumed to be fixed via the experimenter. The model is still legitimate if x is random (as is more commonly the case), however simplest if x is measured with out error. If there's sizeable measurement mistakes on x, and the values of the predicted parameters are of interest, then mistakes in variables regression have to be used. Errors on the reaction variable are assumed to be independent and identically and typically dispensed.the parameters of the regression model are envisioned from the data the usage of normal least squares. B= (cov(x,y))/(var(x))= (?(xy)-(?X)(?Y)/n )/(?X2 – (?X)2/n ) in which b is the estimate of the slope coefficient (? ), x and y are the man or woman observations, x ?And y ?Are the way of x and y, n is the wide variety of bivariate observations. A= y ?+x ?Bin which a is the estimate of the y intercept (? ) (the cost of y where x=zero). There are several approaches the significance of a regression can be examined. Offering errors are typically and identically disbursed, a parametric test can be used. Analysis of variance is often the favored method, even though one can also use a t-test to test whether the slope is substantially unique from zero. If errors are not commonly and identically allotted, then a randomization check need to be used. The usage of evaluation of variance (anova), the full sums of squares of the response variable (y) is partitioned into the variant explained through the regression and the unexplained error variant. The mistake sums of squares are obtained by means of subtracting the regression sums of squares from the entire sums of squares.sst = ?Y2 ? (?Y)2/n ssr =([ ?Xy-((?X)(?Y) )/n])/(?X2 – (?X)2/n) sse = sst ? Ssrwhere: Ssl is the full sums of squares, or ?(y ? )2, ssr is the sums of squares explained by using the regression, or ?( ? )2, sse is the unexplained errors, or ?(y? )2 is the expected (expected) cost of y for each fee of x, xij and yij are the person observed values, and are the means of x and y, n is the range of replicates in each treatment and n is the overall variety of observations.suggest squares are acquired by dividing sums of squares through their respective degrees of freedom. The significance check is accomplished by means of dividing the mean square regression by means of the suggest square errors. Under a null speculation of a zero slope this f-ratio might be disbursed as f with 1 and n ? 2 tiers of freedom.† (mcintyre, l. 1994).

Soccer Players Fuel Their Bodies - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 952 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/04/15 Category Sports Essay Level High school Tags: Soccer Essay Did you like this example? Mention that when soccer players fuel their bodies with good food, this does not make them the MVP, but rather, it ensures, along with bodily things, that they perform to the best of their abilities. Yikes gotta get a better sentence than that. The Physical Demands of Soccer If there was a list of all of the sports played across the entire world, and if you went further to say how physically intense, soccer would be very near, if not at, the top. (Davis) For the spectators who have never played the sport, they may not realize the intense requirements the players body performs, perhaps thinking it easy. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Soccer Players Fuel Their Bodies" essay for you Create order Whether positioned on defense or offense, players are constantly performing various moves, such as jogging, sprinting to open space, back peddling, running laterally up the field, kicking, shooting, and doing throw-ins. Throughout a ninety-minute soccer game, players expend 1,500-2,000 calories-thats a days worth of calories for some people! (Davis) Players need plenty of energy to execute the various tasks needed to play a great game. Players need to make sure they are consuming enough calories in order to keep up with the physical demands of not only the games played throughout the week, but also the demands of the practices and separate workout sessions. What happens if a soccer athlete is malnourished, meaning that a player consumes too few or too many nutrients for their lifestyle. (Boyle) While a player may not get to the extreme of undernutrition or overnutrition (both are dangerous forms of malnutrition), a player can definitely suffer from lack of nutritious foods to fuel their game. If a player consumes too few nutrients, they can become lethargic and develop slow reflexes, whereas if a player consumes too many nutrients, they can Introducing the Nutrients just introduce These various tasks require fuel, however. There are many misconceptions about what one should eat before an elite game. It is, however, very important for a player to consume a variety of nutritious foods before a game. Some of these nutrients include: Carbohydrates, fat, and protein. Although carbohydrates have very little energy, compared to fat and protein, the human body uses carbohydrates as the most important type of fuel during an intense game. Carbohydrates are used during quick, strenuous times in a game, such as sprinting; it gives energy to the muscles in this short time frame. (Davis) Carbohydrates contain about 4 calories. (PER WHAT)(Boyle) Fat supplies the body with energy during the longer, less-intense levels of the match. (Davis) It contains 9 calories per gram, making it supply over half of the energy that it would receive from a gram of carbohydrate. (Davis) In addition to providing a hefty supply of energy to the body, fat also acts as an insulator to vital organs, protecting them from any dangerous play involved during the match. Specify which type of fat. Healthy fats are monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and omega fatty acids. Protein is essential in any diet, especially that of an elite soccer player. It serves to grow and maintain muscles, tendons, teeth, bones, ligaments, hair, and nails. (Davis, is this list plagiarism?) Some more info on this topic. How many calories per what How much and what does that look like? It is one thing to know what to eat, but how much of that substance is another story. 60-65% of a soccer players plate should be carbohydrates. (davis) What does this look like? Foods that are good sources of carbohydrates include rice, pasta, whole-wheat breads, cereals (high-fiber), potatoes, ect. (plag? Or could I just look up good sources of this nutrient?) (davis) Sample meal plan? 20-25% of a soccer players plate should include healthy fats, like mackerel, salmon, olive oil, avocado, nuts. (again. Plag?) (Davis) The final 10-15% should come from protein, such as fish, poultry, low-fat milk, and lean, red meats. (davis) Many people believe the misconception that if you consume more protein, then you will grow more muscle. This is false. No one should consume excess protein unless they are elite athletes or are just starting to workout. (Boyle) Your body does not use the excess to build muscle, unless you work your muscles. Muscle building is a supply and demand process, which means that in order to grow your muscles, you must work them. Protein should be consumed scattered throughout the day, rather than all at one sitting. (Boyle) Timing is Everything In order to for a player to excel on the field, timing is everything. It is not enough to just eat right. Eating at the right time can make or break how you play. It can be the difference between excelling on the field or falling flat. This goes hand in hand with your glycogen stores. What is glycogen? (explain) Glycogen loading is when you decrease your time at the gym and increase the amount of carbohydrates consumed in the days leading up to a game. (Garret) The recommendation for glycogen loading is consuming 5-6 grams of carbohydrates for every kilogram of body weight. Doing this within twenty-four hours will ensure proper glycogen loading. The days leading up to a game are the most important for players to fill their bodies with the right foods. What should a player eat on game day? Although the food consumed by a player the day of the game is important, it has little effect on performance, compared to the effects of the meals consumed several days before. Nevertheless, what a player eats the day of is still important. Some important tips to remember while fueling up before a game are that you should try not consume food within an hour of playtime, but more importantly, strike carbohydrates from the menu before this time.